火星地震引发岩石滚落

## 火星上的一次震动可能使这些岩石滚落。

图像显示火星上疑似地震震源附近出现新鲜的巨石移动痕迹

火星上的塞伯鲁斯断崖是一片位于赤道以北的动态地貌，呈现出悬崖与峡谷交织的景象。

研究人员推测，一次近期的火星震导致该区域多块岩石滑落。

亚利桑那大学喷气推进实验室美国宇航局

地震经常引发山体滑坡。

现在有确凿的证据表明，火星震也能让巨石滚动。

科学家在火星近期一次地震后不久拍摄的高分辨率影像中，发现了数百个由滚落巨石留下的新痕迹，研究人员在《npj空间探索》上报告称。

这类岩崩可作为地震数据的替代指标，而地震数据在太阳系范围内难以获取。

这些数据由NASA的洞察号着陆器采集，该着陆器于2018年在火星表面着陆。

在其运行期间，其地震仪探测到一千多次火星震。

其中许多震源位于火星赤道以北的赛伯鲁斯裂谷区。

据印度艾哈迈达巴德物理研究实验室行星科学家维贾扬（Vijayan，仅用单名）介绍，这是一片活跃的地貌区域，遍布斜坡、裂缝以及处于运动中的岩石。

成千上万的巨石已发生滚落。

维贾扬及其合作者研究了一次由洞察号探测器捕捉到的典型火星震，该事件发生在2019年7月，距离塞伯鲁斯断崖仅数十公里。

通过对比2019年6月和2020年12月拍摄的图像，研究人员发现了27条新的线状特征，每条特征由数十至数百个独立痕迹组成。

研究团队认为，这些结构很可能是岩石在向下滚动过程中留下的轨迹。

在CerberusFossae的倾斜地貌上，一张拍摄于2020年12月的图像显示右侧出现了一条新的岩块轨迹，这很可能是由火星震引起的。

图像由Vijayan提供，NASAJPLCaltechUArizona版权所有。

在2019年7月火星震发生前拍摄的同一斜坡景观中，右上角并无岩块轨迹。

图像由Vijayan提供，NASAJPLCaltechUArizona版权所有。

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利用历史影像，研究人员计算出刻耳柏洛斯堑沟群平均每年仅形成约两个此类地貌特征。

我们掌握了以往落石事件的统计数据，物理研究实验室的地震学家、研究团队成员比瓦斯达斯表示。

在短短18个月内观测到27个新结构完全出乎意料，达斯说：这是一个显著的增长。

研究团队认为，附近由洞察号探测器记录到的火星震很可能是引发这一现象的原因。

然而，仍存在一些谜团。

所有岩崩都发生在塞伯伊弗斯槽沟一个显著山谷的北侧，尽管更多的岩石碎片位于山谷的南侧。

这让我们感到困惑，维亚亚南说。

塞伯伊弗斯槽沟复杂的地貌可能会影响地震波的传播，使得难以预测不同区域的震动情况，他说。

波的传播将非常复杂。

寻找其他地方类似的石块崩落现象，或许能助力太空探索工作。

团队建议，人类定居点应避开地震活跃区域，而滚落的岩石可充当地震活动的预警信号，维贾扬表示：在缺乏地震数据的情况下，它们就像一种替代指标。

BY: Katherine Kornei

FY: AI

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